Päivän etymologinen tietoisku

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Kyynär

From Proto-Finnic [Term?], from Proto-Uralic *küńä. Cognates include Estonian küünar, Livonian kīndõr, Northern Sami gardnjil, Erzya кенерь (kenerʹ), Komi-Permyak гырддза (gyrddza, “elbow”), the initial component of Udmurt гырпум (gyrpum, “elbow”) and Hungarian könyök.

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Viha

From earlier *wiša, borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dwiša- (“hate”). Possibly already from Proto-Finno-Permic, compare Udmurt вож (vož, “hate”), Komi-Zyrian веж (vež, “envy”).

Myrkky

Unclear. Has been compared with Hungarian méreg (“poison”) and Proto-Germanic *markiją (“celery”), both assuming Finnic-internal development from earlier *merkkü (compare *lülü, *süntüdäk). The first comparison suffers from additional phonetic problems,[1], the second from semantic ones.[2] Alternately, Finnic-internal derivation from a root *mür- seen in *mürtüdäk (“to become grumpy, to become sour”) and *müredä (“grumpy”) has been suggested,[3] though no suffix *-kkü exists. If Finnish dialectal myrkkä (“smell”) is also related,[1][2] the immediate derivation would be *mürkkä +‎ *-ü. Also posited to be borrowed from Iranian (cf. Ossetian марг (marg, “poison”), Persian مرگ‎ (“death”)), although this theory is highly unlikely.[1]

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Perhe

From Proto-Finnic *pereh. Believed to come from the same Proto-Uralic root as perä (“rear”), referring to the background of a person, compare alkuperä (“origin”), peräisin (“originating from”), perehtyä. First written appearance is from 1548 in the Finnish version of Sweden's maanlaki (“law of the country”) translated by a cleric known as Herra Martti.

Cognate with Karelian pereh, Estonian pere, Võro pereh, Veps pereh, Livonian perē.

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Rapa(kko)

From Proto-Finnic *rapa, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *drabaz (dregs). Cognates include Estonian raba, Karelian rapa, Veps raba and Votic rapa.

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An s-stem possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrobʰ-, o-grade of *dʰrebʰ-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *droba (“sediment”) and possibly related to Ancient Greek τρέφω (tréphō, “to thicken, curdle”).

Given the lack of certain cognates, M. Philippa suspects non-IE substrate origin.

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[Bara en kapibara]

Kattelin saippuan käännöksiä ja

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/saamunaa#Oromo

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Kattelin saippuan käännöksiä ja

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/saamunaa#Oromo

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Tytär

From Proto-Finnic *tüt'är, borrowed from Proto-Baltic *duktē (compare Lithuanian duktė). Cognate with Proto-Samic *tëktēr.

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From Pre-Balto-Slavic *dʰuktḗr, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰugh₂tḗr.

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Perhaps from *dʰewgʰ- (“to produce”), originally meaning "the (potential) suckler, the one that draws milk" (compare Sanskrit दुहे (duhé) / दुग्धे (dugdhe)), +‎ *-tḗr, the suffix common to other r-stem kinship terms.


Reconstruction notes

There are two PIE reconstructions that can be obtained using the comparative method:

*dʰugh₂ter- on the basis of: PIIr. *dʰugHtar- (Sanskrit duhitár-, PIr. *dʰugʰtar- > *dʰugdʰar- > *dugdar- > Gathic Avestan dugədar-), Ancient Greek thugátēr-, Tocharian A ckācer, Tocharian B tkācer
*dʰukter- on the basis of: Iranian *duxθrī (> Old Persian *duhçī) and *duxtar- (> New Persian duxtar) due to the absence of Bartholomae’s Law, possibly Gaulish duxtir, Gothic dáuhtar, Oscan fu-utreí (dative singular), Armenian dustr, Hieroglyphic Luwian t(u)watra/i-, Lycian kbatra-, Slavic *dъkti > *dъťi, Lithuanian duktė̃

The latter form is secondary, occurring due to the deletion of the medial laryngeal in the sequence CHCC in the oblique stem, which was paradigmatically leveled in the daughters. E.g. genitive singular *dʰugh₂tr̥és > *dʰuktr̥és. The CHCC > CCC change was a synchronic PIE phonological rule.

According to Kloekhorst, hieroglyphic Luwian tu(w)atra/i- and Lycian kbatra- reflect Proto-Luwic *duetr-, further reflecting Proto-Anatolian *duegtr- < PIE full-grade stem *dʰwegh₂ter-. The original inflection was thus hysterodynamic bandi-type as described by Beekes (1995: 175): *CéC-R, *CC-éR-m, *CC-R-ós:

Nominative singular: *dʰwégh₂-tr̥
Accusative singular: *dʰugh₂-tér-m̥
Genitive singular: *dʰugh₂-tr-ós

After the split of Anatolian branch from Proto-Indo-European, the other Indo-European languages underwent a common innovation, replacing the nominative stem *dʰwégh₂tr̥ by the accusative stem in the zero-grade *dʰúgh₂tēr which however retained the original accentuation and which further underlies the attested Greek forms *θύγατηρ (Homeric θύγατρα (thúgatra)) > θυγάτηρ (thugátēr) (θυγατέρα, θυγατρός). In the other Indo-European languages the accentuation of the accusative was later on transferred to the nominative form, yielding the oxytonic paradigm listed in the declension table, as retained in Sanskrit (duhitā́, duhitáram, duhitúḥ) and Lithuanian (duktė̃, dùkterį, dukterès).

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Ies

From earlier *ikes, borrowed from Old East Slavic иго (igo) (gen. ига (iga), *ижесе (*ižese)), from Proto-Slavic *jьgo (gen. *jьga, *jьžese), from earlier *jъgo (gen. *jъga, *jъgese), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *juga-, from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm.

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From *yewg- (“to yoke, harness, join”) +‎ *-óm.

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Puoskari

Borrowed from archaic Swedish båskärare, from Middle Low German bārtschērer (“barber”).

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Piestä

Variant of pieksää, from Proto-Finnic *peksädäk

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From Proto-Uralic *peksä-; irregularly lengthened to *peeksä- in Northern Finnic. An e-stem variant (pseudo-Proto-Finnic *peekse- : *peestäk) has furthermore been attested from Finnish and Karelian.

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*peksä-

to beat
Descendants
Samoyedic: *pet-
Nganasan: [script needed] (fedeʔa-)

Nenets:
Tundra Nenets: пиделць (ṕiďelć)
Selkup: [script needed] (petku)
Kamassian: [script needed] (pʰiʔ-)
Permic:

Komi-Zyrian: песны (pesny)
Udmurt: посны (posny)
Mordvinic:
Erzya: пивсэмс (pivsems)
Moksha: пиксэмс (piksems)
Finnic: *peksädäk (see there for further descendants)

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Susi

From Proto-Finnic *suci.

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According to Koivulehto, from earlier *śunći, from a descendant of Proto-Indo-European *ḱwn̥tós (compare Proto-Germanic *hundaz). The proposal remains uncertain, as it requires assuming that loss of *n before *ś (compare *kusi, *osa) took place also before *ć from the palatalization of *t, followed by paradigmatic levelling to the oblique cases; and that in all previously known examples levelling to the opposite direction took place (compare e.g. *kanci, *länci, *onci).

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Enrique

A male given name, variant of Henrique. Equivalent to English Henry.

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From Middle English Henry, from Old French (and Anglo-Norman) Henri, from Frankish *Haimrik, from Proto-Germanic *Haimarīks. Cognate with German Heinrich and Dutch Henrik, Old Norse Heimríkr (Danish Henrik).

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From *haimaz (“home”) +‎ *rīks (“king”).

Iglesias

From Old Spanish eglesia (9th century), a semi-learned descendant of Vulgar Latin eclesia, from Latin ecclēsia, from Ancient Greek ἐκκλησία (ekklēsía, “assembly”).

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OK

Origin disputed. Wikipedia lists many possible etymologies, of which the most widely accepted is that it is an abbreviation of oll/orl korrect, a comical spelling of all correct, which first appeared in print in The Boston Morning Post on March 23, 1839, as part of a fad for similar fanciful abbreviations in the United States during the late 1830s. The expression became popular through its use in the presidential campaign of Martin Van Buren in 1840 and then slowly acquired other meanings.

The Choctaw word oke, okeh (“it is so”), common in Choctaw translations of the Bible, could also explain OK's variety of affirmative definitions. Additionally, okeh was the most common etymology of okay in dictionaries until the 1960s, and linguistically predates Boston's O.K.. However, this theory suffers from the fact that the Choctaw language was relatively obscure and generally spoken (sometimes in a pidgin form) mainly with African-American slaves.

Boomer

boom +‎ -er

Boom

Onomatopoeic, perhaps borrowed; compare German bummen, Dutch bommen (“to hum, buzz”).

-er

From Middle English -er, -ere, from Old English -ere, from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz, usually thought to have been borrowed from Latin -ārius.

Reinforced by the synonymous but unrelated Old French -or, -eor (Anglo-Norman variant -our), from Latin -(ā)tor, from Proto-Indo-European *-tōr.