Punk in Finland

First attested around 1210 as a surname, and later in the 1400s as a word for the sparrowhawk (Middle English forms: musket, muskett, muskete (“sparrow hawk”)),[1][2] from Middle French mousquet, from Old Italian moschetto (a diminutive of mosca (“fly”), from Latin musca) used to refer initially to a sparrowhawk (given its small size or speckled appearance)[2] and then a crossbow arrow and later a musket,[2][3][4] adhering to a pattern of naming firearms and cannons after birds of prey and similar creatures (compare falcon, falconet),[2][4] a sense which was also borrowed into French and then (around 1580)[3] into English.[4] Cognate to Spanish mosquete, Portuguese mosquete.[4] Smoothbore firearms continued to be called muskets even as they switched from using matchlocks to flintlocks to percussion locks, but with the advent of rifled muskets, the word was finally displaced by rifle.[4]

Originally short for “rifled gun”, referring to the spiral grooves inside the barrel. From Middle English, from Old French rifler (“to scrape off, plunder”), from Old Dutch *riffilōn (compare archaic Dutch rijfelen (“to scrape”), Old English geriflian (“to wrinkle”)), frequentative of Proto-Germanic *rīfaną (compare Old Norse rífa (“to tear, break”)). More at rive.

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From Middle English riven (“to rive”), of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse rífa (“to rend, tear apart”), from Proto-Germanic *rīfaną (“to tear, scratch”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to crumble, tear”).

Cognate with Danish rive (“to tear”), Old Frisian rīva (“to tear”), Old English ārǣfan (“to let loose, unwrap”), Old Norse ript (“breach of contract, rift”), Norwegian Bokmål rive (“to tear”) and Albanian rrip (“belt, rope”). More at rift.

From Middle English gunne, gonne, from Lady Gunilda, a huge crossbow with a powerful shot, with the second part of the term being of Old Norse origin. It was later used to denote firearms. The name Gunnhildr and its multiple variations are derived from Old Norse gunnr (“battle, war”) + hildr (“battle”), which makes it a pleonasm. In the given context the woman's name means battle maid. See also Hilda, Gunilda, Gunhild, Gunhilda, Gunnhildr.

Probably from Middle French pistole, which probably via Middle High German forms like pischulle from Czech píšťala (“firearm”, literally “tube, pipe”),[1] from Proto-Slavic *piščalь, from *piskati, *piščati (“to squeak, whistle”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *pīṣk-.

Alternatively, from Middle English pistolet, from Middle French pistolet (“small firearm or small dagger”), from or related to Italian pistolese (“short dagger”), from Italian Pistoia (“a Tuscan town noted for its gunsmithing”).

from French troubadour (16c.) "one of a class of lyric poets in southern France, eastern Spain, and northern Italy 11c.-13c.," from Old Provençal trobador, from trobar "to find," earlier "invent a song, compose in verse," perhaps from Vulgar Latin *tropare "compose, sing," especially in the form of tropes, from Latin tropus "a song" (from PIE root *trep- "to turn").

The alternative theory among French etymologists derives the Old Provençal word from a metathesis of Latin turbare "to disturb," via a sense of "to turn up."

Meanwhile, Arabists posit an origin in Arabic taraba "to sing." General sense of "one who composes or sings verses or ballads" first recorded 1826.

From Proto-Finnic *hauta, from earlier *šauta, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *sauþaz (boiling, well, pit)

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From Proto-Indo-European *h₂sewt- (“to roil”).

From Proto-Finnic *kalma, likely from Proto-Uralic *kalma and a doublet with kuolema.

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From *kale- (“to die”) +‎ *-ma. The reconstruction *kalema cannot be clearly ruled out.

For previously included cognates in Samic, see *kolmes.[

Descendants

Samoyedic: *kålmɜ
Enets:
Forest Enets: [Term?] (kamero)
Tundra Enets: [Term?] (kameRo), камэр (“ghost”)
Nenets:
Forest Nenets: каӆьмяӆ (kāŕḿeȧr)
Tundra Nenets: хальмер (“grave”)
Kamassian: [script needed] (kʰolmə, “grave”)
Mordvinic: *kalmə, *kalma-
Erzya: калмо (kalmo, “grave”), калмамс (kalmams, “to bury”)
Moksha: калма (kalma, “grave”), калмамс (kalmams, “to bury”)
Finnic: *kalma (“grave, death”) (see there for further descendants)/quote]

From Old French journal (“daily”), from Latin diurnālis, from diurnus (“of the day”), from diēs (“day”).

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Back-formed from the accusative diem (at a time when the vowel was still long), from Proto-Italic *djēm, the accusative of *djous, from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws (“heaven, sky”).[1] The original nominative survives as *diūs in two fossilised phrases: mē diūs fidius (an interjection) and nū diūs tertius (“day before yesterday”, literally “now (is) the third day”). The d in diēs is a puzzle with some suggesting dialect borrowing and others referring to an etymon *diyew- via Lindeman's Law. But note the possible Proto-Italic allophony between -CjV- and -CiV-, which may be the cause for this divergence (See WT:AITC).

Cognate with Ancient Greek Ζήν (Zḗn), Old Armenian տիւ (tiw, “daytime”), Old Irish día, Welsh dydd, Polish dzień, but not English day (q.v.) which is a false cognate. The Italic stem was also the source of Iovis, the genitive of Iuppiter and was generally interchangeable with it in earlier times, still shown by the analogical formation Diēspiter.

From Middle English day, from Old English dæġ (“day”), from Proto-West Germanic *dag, from Proto-Germanic *dagaz (“day”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰogʷʰ-o-s, from *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn”).

Cognate with Saterland Frisian Dai (“day”), West Frisian dei (“day”), Dutch dag (“day”), German Low German Dag (“day”), Alemannic German Däi (“day”), German Tag (“day”), Swedish, Norwegian and Danish dag (“day”), Icelandic dagur (“day”). Cognate also with Albanian djeg (“to burn”), Lithuanian degti (“to burn”), Tocharian A tsäk-, Russian жечь (žečʹ, “to burn”) from *degti, дёготь (djógotʹ, “tar, pitch”), Sanskrit दाह (dāhá, “heat”), दहति (dáhati, “to burn”), Latin foveō (“to warm, keep warm, incubate”).

Latin diēs is a false cognate; it derives from Proto-Indo-European *dyew- (“to shine”).

From Proto-Finnic *päivä (“sun, day”), from Proto-Uralic *päjwä (“sun”).

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*päje +‎ *-wä (warmth, sun, fire). The derivatives may have been formed independently in Samoyedic and in Finnic and Samic, given the divergent meanings.

Descendants

Samoyedic: *päjwä
Nganasan: хейбытоны (heibytony, “in hot weather”)
Selkup: пӱ (pǖ, “warm”), пӧ (pȫ, “warmth”)
Permic:
Komi:
Komi-Zyrian: ? би (bi, “fire”)
Komi-Permyak: ? би (bi, “fire”)
Samic: *peajvē (“sun, day”)
Finnic: *päivä (“sun, day”)

From wehren + Macht.

wehren

From Old High German werien, from Proto-West Germanic *warjan, from Proto-Germanic *warjaną ("to ward off, to defend against, to thwart, to stop").

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From Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to heed”). Cognate with Sanskrit वृणोति (vṛṇóti).

macht

From Middle High German maht, from Old High German maht, from Proto-Germanic *mahtiz, from *maganą + *-þiz, or from Proto-Indo-European *mógʰtis, from *megʰ-. Cognate with Dutch macht, English might.

From Northern Sami skábma, from Norwegian skamtid.

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From Proto-Germanic *skamō ("shame").

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Probably from Pre-Germanic *skoh₃méh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃- (“dark(ness)”) + *-méh₂.

Related to Proto-Germanic *skandō ("shame, disgrace", from earlier *skamdō, Pre-Germanic *skomtéh₂, from *sko-m- (root of *skamō (“shame”)) + *-téh₂)

From the Latin saint's name Urbanus. Cognate to English Urban.

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From urbānus (“urbane; related to the city”), from urbs (“city”).

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Of uncertain origin.

From Proto-Italic *worβis, from Proto-Indo-European *werbʰ- (“to enclose”) (compare Umbrian 𐌖𐌄𐌓𐌚𐌀𐌋𐌄 (uerfale, “area for taking auspices”), Hittite [script needed] (warpa-, “enclosure”), Tocharian A warpi (“garden”), Tocharian B werwiye (“garden”)).[1]


Derivation from Proto-Indo-European *gʰórdʰos (“city”) (from *gʰerdʰ- (“to enclose”), whence e.g. Hittite [script needed] (gurtas, “citadel”) Sanskrit गृह (gṛhá, “house”), English yard) has been proposed,[2] but suffers from irregularities: ˣhorbus would be rather expected.

oopperan ummetus wrote: ↑

06 Jun 2021, 03:25

Tää anglish on ihan hauska larppaus mitö tapahtuis jos englannista jättäisi 1000 vuoden edestä romaanisia lainasanoja pois

First attested in English in 1922.[1] From French gigolo (“young lover kept by an older woman”), first attested in that sense in 1904 (attested since 1850 in the sense “Amant de cœur, compagnon d'une gigolette", and since 1894 in the sense “elegant young man whose means of livelihood are dubious”),[2][3] a back-formation from gigolette (“promiscuous dancing girl, girl available for hire as a dancing partner”),[4] attested since 1850, from giguer (“to dance”), from gigue (“fiddle; type of dance; jig”). More at jig.

Jig

An assimilated form of earlier gig, from Middle English gigge, from Old French gige, gigue (“a fiddle, kind of dance”), from Frankish *gīge (“dance, fiddle”), from Proto-Germanic *gīganą (“to move, wish, desire”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeyǵʰ-, *gʰeygʰ- (“to yawn, gape, long for, desire”).

Cognate with Middle Dutch ghighe (“fiddle”), German Geige (“fiddle, violin”), Danish gige (“fiddle”), Icelandic gígja (“fiddle”).

From Middle English touchen, tochen, from Old French tochier (“to touch”) (whence Modern French toucher; compare French doublet toquer (“to offend, bother, harass”)), from Vulgar Latin *tuccō (“to knock, strike, offend”), from Frankish *tukkōn (“to knock, strike, touch”), from Proto-Germanic *tukkōną (“to tug, grab, grasp”), from Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to draw, pull, lead”). Displaced native Middle English rinen, from Old English hrīnan (“to touch, reach, strike”)" (whence Modern English rine); Middle English repen, from Old English hrepian.

From Proto-Finnic *koskedak

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Akin to Proto-Samic *kuoskëtēk (“to touch”), probably also Komi косны (kosny, “(of boat) to touch the bottom”) (suggesting Proto-Finno-Permic *koske-, if inherited). Proto-Samic *kuosŋëtēk may also be related in some fashion, though the correspondence *sk ~ *sŋ is irregular.