Punk in Finland

From Proto-Finnic *neiti, from Proto-Uralic *nejde (“girl, daughter”). Cognates with Estonian neid (“miss, girl”), Inari Sami nieidâ (“girl”), and Forest Enets [Term?] (nere-kétschu, “lass, female child”). Compare Proto-Uralic *näxi (“woman, female”) or *naje (“woman”). In this etymology, the lexeme neiti would have the same Proto-Uralic stem as nainen and naida.

Borrowed either from Old Swedish gumme (“man”) (compare Swedish gumma) or from Russian кум (kum, “godfather”), кума (kuma, “godmother”) (compare Latvian kūma (“godparent”), Latvian kūmas (“godparent”)), from Proto-Slavic *kъmotrъ.

gumma

From Proto-Germanic *gumô, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰmṓ, *dʰǵʰm̥mō ("earthling"). Germanic cognates include Old Saxon gumo, Old High German gumo, gomo, Old Norse gumi (Icelandic gumi and Norwegian gume), Gothic 𐌲𐌿𐌼𐌰 (guma). The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin homō, Baltic *žmo- (Lithuanian žmogùs).

From earlier hem, from Middle English hem, from Old English heom (“them”, dative) of hie,[1] originally a dative plural form but in Middle English coming to serve as an accusative plural as well. Cognate with Dutch hun (“them”), German ihnen (“them”).

Now often treated as a form of them, which however derives from Old Norse rather than Old English.

->

Reflecting an earlier regularised form of *hijai, from Proto-West Germanic *hiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hīz (“these, these ones”), masculine plural of *hiz.

->

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱís, compound of *ḱe (here, this) +‎ *ís (the (just named, anaphoric). This demonstrative was used instead of a third-person pronoun).

From Middle English þem, from Old Norse þeim.

->

From Proto-Germanic *þaimaz, dative plural of *sa (“that”). Cognate with Old English þǣm, þām, Old Saxon them, Old High German dem, Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌼 (þaim).

->

From Proto-Indo-European *só.

->

In earlier, animacy-based two-gender Proto-Indo-European, *so was the animate demonstrative. Once the gender system was established, *seh₂ was created, with the feminine suffix *-h₂; *tod was the inanimate demonstrative in two-gender Proto-Indo-European and was later used as a neuter demonstrative.

From Swedish adel.

->

From Old Swedish adel, borrowed from or influenced by Middle Low German adel (“noble descent; nobility”), from Old Saxon athal, from Proto-Germanic *aþalaz (whence also Old Swedish aþal-)[3] [4]. Related to German Adel and English athel. Compare also Icelandic aðall (“nobility”).

->

From *aþalą (“nature; nobility”).

->

Unknown; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *at-al (“family, race”), from *at(i) (“beyond, over”) +‎ *h₂el- (“to nourish, grow”).[1]

From Proto-Finnic *saina, borrowed from a Baltic language, compare Latvian siena (“wall”).

->

Cognate with Lithuanian síena (“wall, border”). Derived from verb siet (“to tie, bind”) in its older meaning “to braid, to weave” (see etymology of siet), which suggests that the original meaning of siena was “wicker-work”; compare cognates Avestan 𐬵𐬌𐬥𐬎‎ (hinu, “ties, bonds, hobble, chain”), Old Irish sin (“chain, necktie”). The current meaning suggests that house walls were originally woven with branches and twigs, and then probably covered with mud (compare with German Wand (“wall”), winden (“wind, twist, weave”)); some evidence from old folk songs supports this idea.

->

From Proto-Indo-European *sh₂ey- ("to bind, fetter"),

"Two dozen vicious widowed guys with wooden twigs" - every word in that phrase is cognate with all the others.

[or at least, they all have a good chance of being cognates]

The original root is *dwóh₁ (two), which fairly logically evolved into modern "Two".

"Dozen" is from Latin "duo-decim" (two-ten = 12). The first element is obviously from *dwóh, but the second element might be as well, as PIE *déḱm̥ (ten) might be a compound cognate to "two-hand" (two hands have ten fingers).

"Vicious" is from Latin "vitium" (flaw), which may be from *dwi-tyo (apart, wrong) which is derived from *dwóh₁.

"Widow" is from *h₁widʰéwh, which might be from a word meaning "to separate", itself derived from *dwóh₁.

"Guy" is a surprising one. It derives from the name of Guy Fawkes. The name originates with the Proto-Germanic name "Wido" (wooden). Like widow, the Proto-Germanic word for "wood" comes from a root meaning to separate/split, itself from *dwóh₁.

"With" originally meant "against (*wiþrą) and comes from the root *(d)wi (apart), itself of course from dwóh₁.

"Wooden" has the same root as "guy" above.

"Twig" is from *dwigʰo "branch" with the same origin (cf. the di- in "diverge", which means essentially "to branch out").

(I realise this is completely useless information but thought it was pretty cool. I wonder if there are any longer sentences that can be made using only words with the same root?)

From Proto-Finnic *peeli, from Proto-Uralic *päle (“side”), with regular raising and lengthening of *ä as also in e.g. *keeli, *veeri (Aikio 2012). Cognates include Estonian peel and Hungarian fél.[1] Compare also Hungarian ajtófél, its second element of which might originate from Proto-Finno-Ugric *pele, *pēle (“column, stang”)[2] (if not the same as the aforementioned root).

Borrowed from Old Swedish yrt (modern Swedish ört), from Old Norse urt, oblique case form of Proto-Germanic *wrōts, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds (“root”). Compare English wort, root and Latin rādīx (“root”).

From Middle English herbe, erbe, from Old French erbe (French herbe), from Latin herba. Initial h was restored to the spelling in the 15th century on the basis on Latin, but it remained mute until the 19th century and still is for many speakers.

->

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁- (“to grow, become green”).

oopperan ummetus wrote: ↑

01 Aug 2021, 11:01

mopo (moped)

Blend of motor +‎ pedaler. Coined by motor journalist Harald Nielsen in 1952 in the magazine Motor from tramp-cykel med motor och pedaler ("bicycle with engine and pedals").

motor

From Latin mōtō (“I set in motion”).

->

From Proto-Italic *moweō, from Proto-Indo-European *mew- (“to move”).

pedal

Borrowed from French pédale, Latin pedālis.

->

From pēs (foot).

->

From Proto-Italic *pets, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds (compare Sanskrit पद् (pád), Ancient Greek πούς (poús) and Old English fōt, English foot).

baari

Borrowed from Swedish bar (“bar”), from English bar.

->

From Middle English barre, from Old French barre (“beam, bar, gate, barrier”), from Vulgar Latin *barra, of uncertain origin. Doublet of barre.

->

Uncertain origin; possibly from Gaulish *barros (“the bushy end”), which is from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- ("to bear, carry"), or from Proto-Germanic *barō (“bar, barrier”).

Stig Ombord wrote: ↑

08 Aug 2021, 18:45

Eiks mopo oo ikäänkuin lyhenne? Moottoripolkupyörä.

From Old Spanish çapato, of unknown origin shared with French sabot and savate, Italian ciabatta (whence chapata), Portuguese sapato and Arabic سَبَّاط‎ (sabbāṭ). Possibly from a close relative of Tatar чабата (çabata, “overshoes”) or Ottoman Turkish چاپوت‎ (çaput, çapıt, “patchwork, tatters”), from Ottoman Turkish چاپمق‎ (çapmak, “to slap on”), or of Iranian origin, cognate with modern Persian چپت‎ (čapat, “a kind of traditional leather shoe”).

From Proto-Finnic *kenkä. Cognate with Estonian king.

->

Akin to Proto-Samic *kieŋkē (“sole of a sledge runner or keel”). Possibly a borrowing from Pre-Germanic *(s)keng- ("to limp, hobble"), compare Proto-West Germanic *skinkō.

From Middle English sho, shoo, from Old English sċōh (“shoe”), from Proto-West Germanic *skōh, from Proto-Germanic *skōhaz (“shoe”), of unclear etymology; possibly a derivation from *skehaną (“to move quickly”), from Proto-Indo-European *skek- (“to move quickly, jump”).

Eclipsed non-native Middle English sabatine, sabatoun (“shoe”) from Medieval Latin sabatēnum, sabatum (“shoe, slipper”) (compare Old Occitan sabatō, Spanish zapato (“shoe”)).

The archaic plural shoon is from Middle English shon, from Old English scōn, scōum (“shoes”, dative plural) and scōna (“shoes'”, genitive plural); it is cognate with Scots shuin (“shoes”).

Borrowing from a Sami language (compare Southern Sami gaasoe (“cold mist”)), from Proto-Uralic *käsä (“dew”).[1] Originally a dialect word meaning 'mist, fog', adopted as as equivalent of gas by Finnish physician and author Samuel Roos in 1845, with influence from Dutch gas (whence words in many other European languages, such as English gas).[2]

->

Dutch gas [1650s], coined by chemist Jan Baptist van Helmont. Derived from Dutch chaos (“chaos”), from Ancient Greek χάος (kháos, “chasm, void, empty space”); perhaps inspired by geest (“breath, vapour, spirit”).

->

Uncertain. Has traditionally been connected to χαίνω (khaínō), χάσκω (kháskō, “I gape, yawn”) (< Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂-) or χώρα (khṓra, “open space, place”). Beekes additionally compares Baltic and Germanic words for “palate”: Old High German guomo, goumo, Old Norse gómr, Lithuanian gomurỹs < ? PIE *ǵʰeh₂-mn-. A connection with Proto-Kartvelian *qew-/*qaw- ("ravine") has also been made by Furnée.

From Middle English dright, driȝt, earlier drihten, from Old English dryhten (“a ruler, king, lord, prince, the supreme ruler, the Lord, God, Christ”), from Proto-Germanic *druhtinaz (“leader, chief, lord”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to hold, hold fast, support”). Cognate with Scots drichtin, drichtine (“lord, the Lord”), Old Frisian drochten (“lord”), Old Saxon drohtin (“lord”), Middle High German truhten, trohten (“ruler, lord”), Danish drot (“king”), Swedish drotten, drott (“king, ruler, sovereign”), Icelandic drottinn (“lord, master, ruler, God”), Finnish ruhtinas (“sovereign prince”). Related also to Old English dryht (“a multitude, an army, company, body of retainers, nation, a people, men”), Old English ġedryht (“fortune, fate”), Old English drēogan (“to serve in the military, endure”).